What historical event led to the establishment of the Dominion of Canada?

The establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867 was significantly influenced by the need for a united front against U.S. expansionism. During the mid-19th century, there was considerable concern among the British North American colonies about the increasing territorial ambitions of the United States. Events such as the acquisition of California and other western territories, along with the U.S. expansionist ideology encapsulated in "Manifest Destiny," heightened fears that the colonies could become targets for annexation by the United States.

Leaders in the British North American colonies recognized that a united federation would provide greater strength and stability against potential threats. This urgency was further amplified by a series of events, including the American Civil War, which made it clear that the U.S. had significant military capacity that could be directed towards its northern neighbors. Therefore, the push for confederation was not solely about enhancing governance or economic collaboration, but also a strategic move to consolidate power and ensure mutual defense among the provinces.

The other options do not capture the broader geopolitical context that played a critical role in the formation of Canada. The discovery of gold, while significant for economic reasons, was not the primary motivating factor for confederation. The War of 1812 did contribute to anti-American