Which of the following characterized the working conditions of Chinese workers on the railway?

The answer focuses on the reality faced by Chinese workers who played a critical role in the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway during the late 19th century. These workers were often subjected to harsh and challenging working conditions that were characterized by low wages and a lack of appreciation for their contributions.

Chinese laborers were typically paid significantly less than their Canadian and European counterparts, despite performing the same demanding tasks. This wage disparity was reflective of broader societal attitudes toward Chinese immigrants during that time, who were often marginalized and discriminated against.

Furthermore, workers faced dangerous conditions, with little regard for their safety or well-being, leading to a high incidence of injuries and fatalities on the job. They also lacked job security, as they were frequently hired on a temporary basis for specific projects, leaving them vulnerable to instability and poverty.

The other options do not accurately represent the historical context: there were no promises of citizenship for these workers, nor were their wages high or job security guaranteed. Additionally, while some accommodations might have been provided, they would not classify as free housing and meals in the same way as might have been expected for workers in more favorable circumstances. Thus, the characterization of Chinese workers as underappreciated and underpaid aligns with historical accounts of their